Big Data Defined: A Practical Review for Neurosurgeons

Background: Modern science and healthcare generate vast amounts of data, and, coupled with the increasingly inexpensive and accessible computing, a tremendous opportunity exists to use these data to improve care. A better understanding of data science and its relationship to neurosurgical practice will be increasingly important as we transition into this modern “big data” era. Methods: A review of the literature was performed for key articles referencing big data for neurosurgical care or related topics. Results: In the present report, we first defined the nature and scope of data science from a technical perspective. We then discussed its relationship to the modern neurosurgical practice, highlighting key references, which might form a useful introductory reading list. Conclusions: Numerous challenges exist going forward; however, organized neurosurgery has an important role in fostering and facilitating these efforts to merge data science with neurosurgical practice.