B cell tumor vaccine enhanced by covalent attachment of immunoglobulin to surface proteins on dendritic cells

Protein antigens have been covalently linked randomly to surface proteins on immature dendritic cells (DC). This has been achieved under physiological conditions using a heterobifunctional reagent that couples antigens to free thiol groups expressed on DC surface proteins. This results in a significant increase in the amount of antigen that is bound to DC, and the antigen/membrane protein complexes that are formed are rapidly internalized. DC, loaded covalently with either β-galactosidase (β-gal) or a tumor-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) when injected into mice, induce a β-gal- or Ig-specific T cell response, and a protective anti-tumor immunity for tumors expressing either β-gal or the targeted Ig. This response is shown here to be significantly greater than that which is induced by DC that are loaded with these antigens via the conventional antigen pulse protocol. These results establish a novel, safe, and viable approach of enhancing the effectiveness of DC-based vaccination strategies for B cell lymphoma.