Assessing for Firearm Risks: A Rapid Review of Clinical Assessment Measures

Purpose: Social workers play a crucial role in assessing risks for harm to self and others, including firearm access. Given the growing concern of firearm violence, standardized assessment tools addressing firearm risks could improve social workers’ assessments. Method: This rapid review identifies and evaluates available clinical assessment tools that include items related to firearms. Result: After searching five electronic databases, 15 assessment measures were identified and categorized into five domains: aggressive and violent behaviors, delinquent behaviors, familial attitudes and beliefs, dating or partner violence, and suicide. Discussion: The review highlights the limitations of current tools and underscores the importance of standardized assessments in providing social workers with validated frameworks to inform clinical decision making, while also calling for the development of more comprehensive, culturally informed measures. The review concludes with recommendations and suggestions for incorporating antiracist practices and cultural humility into clinical practice to address firearm-related risks and enhance safety.