@inproceedings{b9e40113732d434da4b0ca665c34a7fd,
title = "Accuracy of user-contributed image tagging in flickr: A natural disaster case study",
abstract = "Social media platforms have become extremely popular during the past few years, presenting an alternate, and often preferred, avenue for information dissemination within massive global communities. Such user-generated multimedia content is emerging as a critical source of information for a variety of applications, and particularly during times of crisis. In order to fully explore this potential, there is a need to better assess, and improve when possible, the accuracy of such information. This paper addresses this issue by focusing in particular on user-contributed image tagging in Flickr. We use as case study a natural disaster event (wildfire), and assess the reliability of user-generated tags. Furthermore, we compare these data to the results of a content-based annotation approach in order to assess the potential performance of an alternative, user-independent, automated approach to annotate such imagery. Our results show that Flickr user annotations can be considered quite reliable (at the level of \textasciitilde{}50\%), and that using a spatially distributed training dataset for our content-based image retrieval (CBIR) annotation process improves the performance of the content-based image labeling (to the level of \textasciitilde{}75\%).",
keywords = "Annotation, Content-based image retrieval, Crowdsourcing, Flickr, Natural disasters, Social media, Tagging, Twitter",
author = "George Panteras and Xu Lu and Arie Croitoru and Andrew Crooks and Anthony Stefanidis",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.; 7th International Conference on Social Media and Society, SMSociety 2016 ; Conference date: 11-07-2016 Through 13-07-2016",
year = "2016",
month = jul,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1145/2930971.2930986",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781450339384",
series = "ACM International Conference Proceeding Series",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery ",
editor = "Anatoliy Gruzd and Jenna Jacobson and Evelyn Ruppert and Philip Mai and Dhiraj Murthy",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th 2016 International Conference on Social Media and Society, SMSociety 2016",
address = "United States",
}