A 4-year-old male who has a persistent, severe headache

Any patient who presents with headaches, visual disturbances, and endocrine abnormalities requires a detailed neurologic evaluation that includes a funduscopic examination. Special attention should be given to the optic discs, looking for pale color or bulging margins. Neuroimaging via CT scan or MRI should be performed to look for a midline mass with cystic components, calcifications, and contrast enhancement. In addition, patients suspected of having a craniopharyngioma should have their pituitary gland function tested. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, followed by close monitoring of endocrine function.